Summary:
The field of laboratory medicine, integral to public health and healthcare, has witnessed significant technological advancements that are reshaping its role in healthcare provision. This review explores recent innovations such as laboratory automation, genomics, mass spectrometry, microfluidics, and electronic tools, emphasizing their impact on omics research. The integration of these technologies with microtechnology and point-of-care testing is contributing to improved patient outcomes and a more patient-centered healthcare approach.
The review underscores the need for tools like artificial intelligence and data mining to fully harness the potential of medical big data derived from these novel techniques. The promise of precision and personalized medicine is discussed, with a focus on the critical role of advanced information technology capabilities in achieving success in this arena.
The article delves into the historical context, highlighting the evolution from laborious manual processes to highly automated analyzers and total laboratory automation (TLA) systems. TLA systems, exemplified by instruments like Cobas® and Accelerator, are explored for their ability to streamline processes, reduce errors, and enhance laboratory efficiency.
Recent advancements in microbiology automation, facilitated by digitization and electronic plate reading, are also discussed. Commercially available microbiology automation systems like Kiestra™ and WASPLab® are examined for their potential to revolutionize clinical laboratories, offering benefits such as cost reduction, improved efficiency, and shortened turnaround times.
Challenges associated with increased automation, such as changes in workflow and personnel requirements, are acknowledged. The review emphasizes the importance of adapting staff training to complement TLA systems and addressing potential knowledge and skill loss resulting from automation. It also highlights considerations for TLA downtime and the necessity for compatibility with laboratory information systems.
In conclusion, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent technological strides in laboratory medicine, evaluating their clinical applications, challenges, and future prospects. The potential for precision and personalized medicine is presented as a transformative outcome, contingent upon advancements in bioinformatics and information technology.